Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY (Notes)

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TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY (Notes)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY
TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY
In the first quarter of 2018, we launched the first phase of a multi-year, enterprise-wide transformation strategy to modernize our business and operations and enhance quality and efficiency. Over the next few years additional transformation phases will be implemented. The program includes investments impacting global direct and indirect operating costs, as well as changes in processes and technology.
During the year ended December 31, 2018 we recorded pre-tax charges of $360 million that reflect costs and other benefits of $262 million of primarily voluntary severance included within "Compensation and benefits" on the statements of consolidated income, and other costs of $98 million recorded to total other expenses. The after-tax transformation strategy costs totaled $273 million. The income tax effects of the transformation strategy costs are calculated by multiplying the amount of the adjustments by the statutory tax rates applicable in each tax jurisdiction. There were no comparable costs for the twelve months of 2017.