Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

INCOME TAXES (Tables)

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Tax Expense Benefit
The income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consists of the following (in millions):
2023 2022 2021
Current:
U.S. Federal $ 1,012  $ 2,006  $ 1,388 
U.S. State and Local 195  273  194 
Non-U.S. 459  467  478 
Total Current 1,666  2,746  2,060 
Deferred:
U.S. Federal 150  296  1,311 
U.S. State and Local 20  136  273 
Non-U.S. 29  99  61 
Total Deferred 199  531  1,645 
Total Income Tax Expense $ 1,865  $ 3,277  $ 3,705 
Income Before Income Taxes
Income before income taxes includes the following components (in millions):
2023 2022 2021
United States $ 6,246  $ 12,276  $ 14,220 
Non-U.S. 2,327  2,549  2,375 
Total Income Before Income Taxes: $ 8,573  $ 14,825  $ 16,595 
Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consists of the following:
2023 2022 2021
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate 21.0  % 21.0  % 21.0  %
U.S. state and local income taxes (net of federal benefit)
1.9  2.0  2.2 
Non-U.S. tax rate differential (0.6) 0.1  — 
U.S. federal tax credits (0.7) (0.5) (0.4)
Goodwill and other asset impairments 0.1  —  — 
Net uncertain tax positions (0.5) 0.4  0.6 
Other 0.6  (0.9) (1.1)
Effective income tax rate 21.8  % 22.1  % 22.3  %
Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):
2023 2022
Fixed assets and capitalized software $ (5,974) $ (5,819)
Operating lease right-of-use assets (1,017) (893)
Other (605) (708)
Deferred tax liabilities (7,596) (7,420)
Pension and postretirement benefits 1,304  637 
Loss and credit carryforwards 232  242 
Insurance reserves 626  603 
Stock compensation 158  315 
Accrued employee compensation 354  304 
Operating lease liabilities 1,073  948 
Other 322  331 
Deferred tax assets 4,069  3,380 
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance (119) (123)
Deferred tax asset (net of valuation allowance) 3,950  3,257 
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ (3,646) $ (4,163)
Amounts recognized in our consolidated balance sheets:
Deferred tax assets $ 126  $ 139 
Deferred tax liabilities (3,772) (4,302)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ (3,646) $ (4,163)
U.S. State and Local Operating Loss and Credit Carryforwards
Further, we have U.S. state and local operating loss and credit carryforwards as follows (in millions):
2023 2022
U.S. state and local operating loss carryforwards $ 762  $ 653 
U.S. state and local credit carryforwards $ 48  $ 46 
Summarized Activity Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The following table summarizes the activity related to our uncertain tax positions (in millions):
Tax Interest Penalties
Balance as of January 1, 2021
$ 333  $ 61  $
Additions for tax positions of the current year 85  —  — 
Additions for tax positions of prior years 107  23  — 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years for:
Changes based on facts and circumstances (42) (4) (2)
Settlements during the period (3) (2) — 
Lapses of applicable statute of limitations —  —  — 
Balance as of December 31, 2021
480  78 
Additions for tax positions of the current year 56  —  — 
Additions for tax positions of prior years 25  30 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years for:
Changes based on facts and circumstances (9) (1) — 
Settlements during the period (10) (1) — 
Lapses of applicable statute of limitations (9) (2) — 
Balance as of December 31, 2022
533  104 
Additions for tax positions of the current year 26  —  — 
Additions for tax positions of prior years 147  37 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years for:
Changes based on facts and circumstances (164) (24) (1)
Settlements during the period (47) (9) — 
Lapses of applicable statute of limitations (3) —  — 
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$ 492  $ 108  $